Borough Gaol, Sudbury, Suffolk
Sudbury had a Borough Gaol by 1692 and occupied a site on Friars Street — then also known as Gaol Street.
In 1784, John Howard reported on the prison:
Has for debtors a day-room with a fire place; and two little rooms for them to lodge in, about 7 feet by 5 each. A room for men-criminals, with a fire-place and a loom: another for women; this also has a fire-place. A court, not secure; and the water not accessible to prisoners. They have no allowance. Keeper, no salary: fees, 4s. no table. Clauses against spirituous liquors not hung up.
1776, Dec. 6, Prisoners 0.
1779, Sep. 25, 0.
In 1812, James Neild wrote:
Gaoler, Richard Wright; a Baker. Salary, none. Fees, 4s. No Table.
Prisoners, 1801, Oct. 17th, and 1810, Sept. 24th, none.
Allowance, Sixpence per day.
REMARKS.
This is a miserable place, for the imprisonment of inferior delinquents, or for their confinement until fully committed for Trial.
It consists of two rooms on the ground floor, about 13 feet square, fronting the Street; having each a fire-place, and iron gratings, through which to breathe, and beg the casual charity of passengers.
Of these rooms, one, called "The Toll," has a wooden bedstead, raised about 12 inches from the floor, with loose straw to sleep on. The other, which has also an iron grating towards the Street, contains two sleeping-cells, of about 9 feet by 6, with straw only on the floor; and, as a glaring instance of filthy negligence, a bar of wood laid across one corner of each room, with a little straw underneath it, is the vile substitute for a privy!
For Women, here is one wretched room, above stairs, equally destitute of furniture, and in a very dilapidated state. They are sometimes, however, indulged by the Keeper with the use of a small court-yard, leading toward his bake-house.
The decaying building was demolished in 1828, its site now occupied by the property at 25 Friars Street. Its function as a lock-up was replaced by an adjunct to the new town hall then erected on Gaol Lane.
In 1836, The Inspectors of Prisons recorded:
This prison was built about six years ago, and forms a suitable appendage to the Town Hall, where the magistrates’ business is carried on, and in the rear of which it is situated. It is detached from other buildings, consists of two cells on the ground-floor, and two above of the same dimensions, 7 feet high, 5½ feet wide, and 10 feet long, and an adjoining airing-yard, 33 feet long and 19 feet wide, and apartments for the Keeper.
The borough of Sudbury paying its proportion to the county rate, prisoners are only retained here during examination, and are then sent to Bury St. Edmunds. Fourteen prisoners have been confined here during the year 1835.
Diet.—There is no regular food directed to be supplied by the Magistrates; the Keeper gives it according to circumstances, and at his own discretion.
Keeper.—Aged 56; constable, and Keeper of the Town Hall and prison. Salary, 10. a year.
Observations:—This prison was very clean, and a very proper register is kept by the Keeper, at his own suggestion; it is divided into columns, with the prisoners’ names, age, height, trade, parish, county, date of commitment, for what committed, by whom, sentence, date of discharge.
This place of temporary confinement fully answers the purpose for which it was intended.
The prison's entrance archway survives, forming the entrance to >Sudbury Heritage Centre.
Records
Note: many repositories impose a closure period of up to 100 years for records identifying individuals. Before travelling a long distance, always check that the records you want to consult will be available.
- Suffolk Archives, The Hold, 131 Fore Street, Ipswich, Suffolk IP4 1LR. Virtually no records survive.
- The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 4DU. Has a wide variety of crime and prison records going back to the 1770s, including calendars of prisoners, prison registers and criminal registers.
- Find My Past has digitized many of the National Archives' prison records, including prisoner-of-war records, plus a variety of local records including Manchester, York and Plymouth. More information.
- Prison-related records on Ancestry UK include Prison Commission Records, 1770-1951, and local records from London, Swansea, Gloucesterhire and West Yorkshire. More information.
- The Genealogist also has a number of National Archives' prison records. More information.
Bibliography
- Higginbotham, Peter The Prison Cookbook: A History of the English Prison and its Food (2010, The History Press)
- Brodie, A. Behind Bars - The Hidden Architecture of England's Prisons (2000, English Heritage)
- Brodie, A., Croom, J. & Davies, J.O. English Prisons: An Architectural History (2002, English Heritage)
- Harding, C., Hines, B., Ireland, R., Rawlings, P. Imprisonment in England and Wales (1985, Croom Helm)
- McConville, Sean A History of English Prison Administration: Volume I 1750-1877 (1981, Routledge & Kegan Paul)
- Morris, N. and Rothman, D.G. (eds.) The Oxfod History of the Prison (1997, OUP)
- Pugh R.B. Imprisonment in Medieval England (1968, CUP)
Links
- >Sudbury Heritage Centre
- Prison Oracle - resources those involved in present-day UK prisons.
- GOV.UK - UK Government's information on sentencing, probation and support for families.
Except where indicated, this page () © Peter Higginbotham. Contents may not be reproduced without permission.